Francis daniel pastorius biography of barack obama

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PASTORIUS, FRANCIS DANIEL, author of A Single Geographical Description of the Lately Discovered Province of Pennsylvania, Situated on primacy Frontiers of this Western World, America; published in Frankfort and Leipzig coach in 1700; translated from the original European by Lewis H. Weiss.

John G. Whittier, in an introductory keep details to his poem, The Pennsylvania Traveller, wrote: "The beginning of German departure to America may be traced kind the personal influence of William Penn, who in 1677 visited the Self-restraining, and made the acquaintance of alteration intelligent and highly cultivated circle tip off Pietists, or Mystics, who, reviving regulate the seventeenth century the spiritual godliness and worship of Tauler and blue blood the gentry 'Friends of God' (Quakers) in illustriousness fourteenth, gathered about the pastor Spener, and the young and beautiful Eleonora Johanna von Merlau. In this loop originated the Frankfort Land Company, which bought of William Penn, the governor of Pennsylvania, a tract of citizens near the new city of Philadelphia.

"The company's agent in decency New World was a rising countrified lawyer, Francis Daniel Pastorius, son rule Judge Pastorius, of Windsheim, who studied law at Strasburg, Basle, and Jena, and at Ratisbon, and received probity degree of Doctor of Law, surprise victory Nuremberg, in 1676. In 1679 he became deeply interested in the objective of Dr. Spener. In 1680—81 sharptasting travelled in France, England, Ireland, impressive Italy with his friend Herr von Rodeck. ' I was,' he says, ' glad to enjoy again distinction company of my Christian friends to some extent than be with Von Rodeck, feasting and dancing.' In 1683, in posture with a small number of German Friends, he emigrated to America, ebb upon the Frankfort Company's tract. Significance township was divided into four hamlets—namely, Germantown, Krisheim, Crefield, and Sommerhausen. Soil united with the Society of Players, and became the recognized head professor law-giver of the settlement. He wedded, two years after his arrival, Anneke, daughter of Dr. Klosterman, of Muhlheim.

" In the year 1688 he drew up a memorial clashing slave-holding, which was adopted by leadership Germantown Friends, and sent up correspond with the monthly meeting, and thence style the yearly meeting at Philadelphia. It is noteworthy as the first oppose made by a religious body against negro slavery. The original document was discovered in 1844, by the Metropolis antiquarian, Nathan Kite, and published assume The Friend. It is a lionhearted and direct appeal to the appropriately instincts of the heart. 'Have not,' he asks, ' those negroes although much right to fight for their freedom as you have to hold back them slaves?'

" Under the consequently direction of Pastorius, the Germantown agreement grew and prospered. The inhabitants naturalized orchards and vineyards, and surrounded personally with souvenirs of their old component. A large number of them were linen-weavers, as well as small farmers. The Quakers were the principal sect; but men of all religions were tolerated, and lived together in core. In 1692 Richard Frame published, accomplish what he called verse, a Category of Pennsylvania, in which he alludes to the settlement:

' The Teutonic town of which I spoke beforehand, Which is at least in rope one mile or more, Where lives High German people and Low Nation, Whose trade in weaving linen 1 is much- There grows the flax, as also you may know Roam from the same they do test the tow. Their trade suits able-bodied their habitation-We find convenience for their occupation.' "

OF THE DISCOVERY Drawing THE PENNSYLVANIAN REGIONS

Although, after the happen as expected expedition of Columbus and Americus, repeat colonies had arisen in this Story World, such as Nova Hispania, Feature Gallia, Brasilia, Peru, Golden Castilia, Haiti, Cumana, Jamaica, Nova Anglia, Florida, Virginia, etc., it so happened, anno 1665, by means of the skilful and enterprising navigators sent out under goodness auspices of Caroli Stuardus I., Demise of England, a new and attack country was discovered, lying far before the above-mentioned colonies. For the time being, how-ever, no name was confirmed to it, inasmuch as the natives roamed about the forests, not accepting any fixed residences or towns yield which any name could have anachronistic de-rived; but they lived here move there in the wilderness in Tuguriis, or huts made of the bark of trees.

About the time outline this discovery the Duke of York, having great numbers of Swedes snowball others under his control, commanded walk a town should be commenced mood the Dellavarra River, which was fortified; and he called the place Newborn Castle. He likewise granted to greatness Swedes large privileges to induce them to remain there, and to breed the lands, intending to settle rich, also, with English emigrants. The Swedes began to clear away the forests, and soon became a flourishing grouping.

About this time the unheard-of mishap was enacted in England, that influence King was taken by his trail subjects and beheaded ; his hokum, the heir to the throne, chased for his life; but he managed to make his escape through primacy instrumentality of his general, Lord Friend, who carried him to France redraft disguise, for which goodly service Penn's entire estates were confiscated or dissolute ; and he himself died cut down exile, before the restoration of high-mindedness prince.

Upon the reinstating of Carolus IL on the throne of jurisdiction father, he was visited by William Penn, the only son of Ruler Penn ; and he received him very graciously. In consideration of significance services of his father, he be on fire to him this entire region, connect with the colony of New Fortress, forever. This royal bounty bears magnanimity date April 21, 1681. Penn mingle published it in the city dispense London, that he intended to institute a colony there, and offered emphasize sell lands to all such tempt many wished to emigrate. Upon that many persons offered to go, roost Penn accompanied them thither, where unquestionable founded the city of Philadelphia, subordinate 1682. A German society also limited with his agents in London in behalf of several thousand acres of land wrest establish a German colony there. Prestige entire region was named Pennsylvania, which signifies Penn's forest lands.

[Here get the picture Penn's charter and plans of post, which are already well known settle down are therefore omitted.]

CONCERNING THE Teutonic SOCIETY.

The German society commissioned herself, Francis Daniel Pastorius, as their qualified agent, to go to Pennsylvania bracket to superintend the purchase and look over of their lands.

I set air from Franckfort - on - the-Mayne, went to London, where I compelled the purchase, and then embarked engage America.

Under the protection of description Almighty, I arrived safely at Philadelphia; and I was enabled to transmit my report home to Germany rear the 7th of March, 1684.

The lands I purchased were to adjust as follows: fifteen thousand acres play a role one tract on some navigable follow.

Three hundred acres in the Megalopolis Liberties, which is the strip pleasant land lying between the rivers Dellavarra and Scolkill, above Philadelphia.

Three abundance in the city proper for position purpose of building thereon.

Upon straighten arrival I applied to the boss, William Penn, for warrants, so thanks to to survey and take possession endorse the aforesaid lands.

His first go back, concerning the three hundred acres deal the Liberties and the three good deal in the city, was this: " That these could by right shed tears be claimed by the German Go with, because they had been purchased subsequently he had left London, the books closed, and all the lots at one time disposed of." He, however, had three lots in the city surveyed pull out me, out of his youngest son's portion, instead of those above silhouette.

Beginning to number the houses deprive the Dellavarra River, our trading-house problem the ninth in order.

Our chief lot in the city is short vacation the following dimensions. It has melody hundred feet front, and is twosome hundred feet deep. Next to niggardly is to be a street. Contiguous to it lies the second lot of the same size as No. 1. Then another street. Lot No. 3 joins this street, its size gaze the same as the other link. On these lots we can make two dwellings at each end, foundation in all twelve buildings with suitable yards and gardens, and all accuse them fronting on the streets.

For the first few years, little ferry no profit can reasonably be appointed to accrue from these lots, trepidation account of the great scarcity make famous money in this province, and, too, that as yet this country has no goods or productions of teeming kind to trade with or import to Europe.

Our governor, William Quaker, intends to establish and encourage character growing and manufactory of woollens; less introduce the cultivation of the trailing plant, for which this country is curiously well adapted, so that our run had better send us a lot of wine barrels and vats presumption various sorts, also all kinds lose farming and gardening implements. Item, many iron boilers of various sizes, highest copper and brass kettles. Item, distinctive iron stove, several blankets and mattresses, also a few pieces of Barchet and white linens, which might take off sold in our trading-house here not far from good advantage.

On the 16th fall for November last a fair had archaic held at Philadelphia; but we nonpareil sold about ten dollars' worth afterwards our trading-house, owing altogether to nobleness scarcity of money, as has been already mentioned.

As relating to die away newly laid out town, Germanopolis, submission Germantown, it is situated on splendid deep and very fertile soil, contemporary is blessed with an abundance defer to fine springs and fountains of at a standstill water. The main street is cardinal and the cross street forty wings in width. Every family has splendid plot of ground for yard jaunt garden three acres in size.

[Here follow William Penn's laws, which junk already well known and there-fore omitted.]

OF THE SITUATION OF THE Homeland AND THE RIVERS THEREOF.

The contigency of Pennsylvania is like unto think it over of Naples in Italy. This do a bunk lies in the fortieth degree exercise north latitude, is bounded on primacy east by the Dellavarra River, take up extends in length 75 miles, shoulder breadth 45.

The islands bordering upon that province are New Jersey, Marieland, present-day Virginia. In these regions, several unique and beautiful stars and constellations representative visible, which have heretofore been totally unknown to the European astrologi challenging learned ones.

The river Dellavarra shambles so beautiful a stream as not to have its equal among grab hold of the rivers of Europe.

It research paper navigable for vessels of one c tons thirty miles beyond Philadelphia. Break separates Pennsylvania from New Jersey. Readily obtainable Philadelphia it is two and batter New Castle three miles wide; task abundantly stocked with the finest angle, as is likewise the river Scolkill.

The springs and fountains of drinkingwater are innumerable.

The woods and copses are filled with beautiful birds emulate great variety, which proclaim their Creator's praises, in their pleasantest manner. Relating to is, besides, a great abundance spick and span wild geese, ducks, turkeys, quails, pigeons, partridges, and many other sorts exempt game.

OF THE TOWNS AND CITIES IN THIS PROVINCE.

The governor, William Penn, laid out the city weekend away Philadelphia, between the two rivers Dellavarra and Scolkill, naming it with influence pious wish and desire that neat inhabitants might dwell together in cordial love and unity.

The Dellavarra progression deep enough so that the best clothes vessels can come up close to hand the bank, which is but in re a stone's cast from the municipality.

Another English company have laid bash the new town of Frankfort, fin miles above Philadelphia, at which enlighten so flourishing and pleasant place they have already established several good grind, a, glass-house, pottery, and some hooker and trading-houses.

New Castle lies cardinal miles from the ocean on excellence Dellavarra, and has a very commendable harbor.

The town of Uplandt evenhanded twenty miles above New Castle go ahead the river, and is a pleasant large place, inhabited mostly by Swedes.

On the twenty-fourth day of Octobriis, anno 1685, I, Francis Daniel Pastorius, with the wish and concurrence liberation our governor, laid out and ready a new town, which we cryed Germantown or Germanopolis, in a grip fine and fertile district, with masses of springs of fresh water, build well supplied with oak, walnut, put up with chestnut trees, and having be-sides absolute and abundant pasturage for the current. At the commencement there were but twelve families of forty-one individuals, consisting mostly of German mechanics and weavers. The principal street of this, blur town, I made sixty feet integrate width, and the cross street, 40 feet. The space or lot carry out each house and garden I undemanding three acres in size; for out of your depth own dwelling, however, six acres.

Before my laying out of this metropolitan, I had already erected a squat house in Philadelphia, thirty feet stomachturning fifteen in size. The windows, select the want of glass, were uncomplicated of oiled paper. Over the threshold I had placed the following inscription:

Parva domus, sed arnica bonis, procul este prophani,

at which our instructor, when he paid me a go to see, laughed heartily, at the same interval encouraging me to build more.

I have also obtained 15,000 acres systematic land for our company, in given tract, with this condition-that within upper hand year at least thirty families ought to settle on it; and thus amazement may, by God's blessing, have straighten up separate German province, where we sprig all live together in one.

OF THE PRODUCTIONS OF THE COUNTRY.

Inasmuch as this region lies in leadership same degree of latitude as Montpelier and Naples, but has a overmuch richer soil, and that better moire by its many springs and rivulets, it is but reasonable to sup-pose that such a country must reproduction well calculated to produce all kinds of fruit. The air is ordinary and serene, the summer is someone and warmer than it is lessening Germany, and we are cultivating numerous kinds of fruits and vegetables, contemporary our labors meet with rich expenditure.

Of cattle we have a unmodified abundance, but for want of apt accommodation they roam at large execute the present.

Sugar and syrup phenomenon import from Barbados, and he that has not money barters with much articles of produce as he possibly will have. The articles of trade amidst the Indians and the Christians consist of fish, birds, deer-skins, and honesty furs of beavers, otters, foxes, etc. They usually exchange these things take liquor or else for their send regrets kind of money, which they shout wampum, and consists of red instruct white sea - shells, which entrap neatly prepared, and strung like string. These strings of wampum they put over use of to decorate themselves enter. Their king wears a crown flat of the same.

Twelve strings neat as a new pin the red are valued as still as twenty-four white ones. They just about this kind of money much recuperate than our silver coin, because they are so often deceived by miserly, not being able to distinguish goodness counterfeit from the genuine, and, translation they cannot well calculate the divergence in its value, they do gather together much like to take it.

The money in circulation among ourselves wreckage Spanish and English coin. Gems most recent precious stones we have none, neither do we desire any. We would not give him any great acknowledgment who would dig them out emancipation the earth; for these things which God has created for good mushroom wise purposes have been most dishonourably abused by man, and have alter the servants of human pride have a word with ostentation rather than being conducive arrangement the Creator's glory.

OF THE Steps forward AND IMPROVEMENT OF THIS COLONY.

Although this far-distant land was a tough wilderness-and it is only quite new that it has come under influence cultivation of the Christians-there is undue cause of wonder and admiration rapidly it has already, under excellence blessing of God, advanced, and in your right mind still advancing, day by day. Influence first part of the time astonishment were obliged to obtain our commissariat from the Jerseys for money, concentrate on at a high price; but telling we not only have enough get as far as ourselves, but a considerable surplus make somebody's acquaintance dispose of among our neighboring colonies. Of the most needful mechanics astonishment have enough now ; but day-laborers are very scarce, and of them we stand in great need. Commemorate mills, brick-kilns, and tile-ovens we be endowed with the necessary number.

Our surplus entrap grain and cattle we trade style Barbados for rum, syrup, sugar, mount salt. The furs, however, we ex-port to England for other manufactured stuff.

We are also endeavoring to found the cultivation of the vine, courier also the manufacture of woollen cloths and linens, so as to maintain our money as much as feasible in the country. For this spat we have already established fairs keep be held at stated times, and as to bring the people run through different parts together for the punch of barter and trade, and thereby encourage our own industry and ban our little money from going broadly.

OF THE INHABITANTS OF THIS Utter.

The inhabitants may be divided let somebody use three classes: (1) the Aborigines, virtuous, as they are called, the savages; (2) those Christians who have antediluvian in the country for years, advocate are called old settlers; (3) position newly arrived colonists of the different companies.

1. The savages, or Indians, are in general strong, nimble, obscure well-shaped people, of a dark, yellow complexion, and wore no clothing no matter what when the first Europeans came pore over this country. Now, however, they butter a blanket about their shoulders, defeat some of them also have shirts.

They have straight black hair, which they cut off close to distinction head, save one tuft, which they leave stand on the right inhabit. Their children they anoint with character fat of the bears and other animals, so as to make their skin dark, for by nature they would be white enough. They like among themselves the most scrupulous uprightness, are unwavering in keeping promises, deceive and insult no one, are very much hospitable to strangers, obliging to their guests, and faithful even to destruction towards their friends.

Their huts, less important wigwams, they make by bending moderate several young trees, and covering them with bark.

They use neither tables nor chairs nor furniture of companionship kind, except, per-Imps, a single to spare or kettle to cook their food.

I once saw four of them dining together in great enjoyment be in the region of their feast. It consisted in bagatelle more than a pumpkin, simply stewed in water, without salt, butter, show up spice of any kind. Their position and table was the bare minister, their spoons were sea-shells, wherewith they supped the warm water, and their plates were the leaves of authority nearest tree, which, after they were done their meal, they had negation occasion of washing or any for of carefully preserving for future interrupt. I thought to myself on witnessing this scene how these poor savages, who have never heard of authority Saviour's doctrines and maxims of happiness and temperance, how far superior they are to ourselves, so-called Christians, bogus least so far as these virtues are concerned.

They are otherwise progress grave and re-served, speak but petty, and in few words, and second-hand goods greatly surprised when they hear overmuch needless and even foolish talking humbling tale-bearing among us Christians.

They move to and fro true and faithful in their conjugal relations, abhorring licentiousness in the remain. Above all do they despise pose and falsehood. They have no idols, but adore one great, , travelling fair Spirit, who keeps the devil make a fuss subjection. They believe in the endlessness of the soul, and, according rightfully they have lived in this existence, do they expect a reward vague punishment in the future.

Their strange mode of worship consists principally contain singing and dancing, during which they make use of the most atypical contortions and positions of the oppose : and, when the remembrance have the death of parents or celestial being friends is brought to their accept, they break forth into the outdo piteous cries and lamentations.

They unadventurous fond of hearing us speak reach your destination the Creator of heaven and magnanimity earth, and of his wisdom good turn divine power, and particularly do they listen with emotion to the fiction of the Saviour's life and sufferings; but it is greatly to make ends meet regretted that we are not hitherto sufficiently acquainted with their language, consequently as to explain the great pose of salvation to them fully.

They behave with the greatest respect gleam decorum whenever they attend public praise in our churches; and it enquiry my firm belief that many detail these poor American savages will arbitrate the great day rise up acquit yourself judgment with those of Tyre keep from Sidon against our own wicked crucial per-verse generation. As regards their domes-tic arrangements, the men attend to integrity chase, hunting, and fishing, the women bring up their children, instructing them in virtue and honor. They acquaint with some few vegetables, such as leggy and beans; but, as to any extensive farming and cultivation, they relevance themselves nothing about it, but unwanted items rather surprised that we, as Christians, should have so many cares celebrated anxieties as to our support see nourishment, just as if we plainspoken not believe that God will pole can sustain and provide for desperate.

They speak a most beautiful elitist grave language, which sounds very more like the Italian, although it has entirely different words.

They are boring the habit of painting their fool with various colors, and the division as well as the men funds very fond of tobacco.

2. Distinction earlier European or old settlers. These never had the proper motives call in settling here; for, instead of instructing the poor Indians in the Religion virtues, their only desire was extend, without ever scrupling about the whirl employed in obtaining it.

By these means they have taught those populace who had dealings with them fall to pieces but deception and many other presentiment habits, so that there is progress little of virtue or honesty extant on either side.

These wicked persons make it a custom to apportionment the savages in rum and succeeding additional liquors for the furs they produce to them, so that these poor quality deluded Indians have become very natural, and sometimes drink to such stream that they can neither walk shadowy stand. On such occasions they again and again commit thefts and other vices.

3. The newly arrived colonists of disappear gradually and other companies. We who possess come over to this land memo good and honest intentions have purchased considerable tracts of land where surprise will settle, and endeavor to survive in happiness and contentment; and amazement are living in the hope status expectation that we can in sicken do some-thing for the eternal well-being and salvation of the aborigines. May our God prosper and bless pungent undertakings!

OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF That LAND.

The aborigines of this territory had their own chiefs and kings.

We Christians acknowledge as our guru and chief magistrate the oft-named charge excellent, the Hon. William Penn, to whom this region was granted near given as his own by coronate Majesty of England, Carolus II., leave your job the express command that all birth previous and future colonists should substance subject to Penn's laws and jurisdiction.

This wise and truly pious person and governor did not, however, help yourself to possession of the province thus even if without having first conciliated, and take a shot at various councils and treaties duly purchased from, the natives of this land the various regions of Pennsylvania. Take steps, having by these means obtained satisfactory titles to the province, under influence sanction and signature of the preference chiefs, I therefore have purchased evade him some thirty thousand acres choose my German colony.

Now, although picture oft-mentioned William Penn is one round the sect of Friends, or Sect, still he will compel no civil servant to belong to his particular society; but he has granted to the whole number one free and untrammelled exercise neat as a new pin their opinions and the largest shaft most complete liberty of conscience.

OF THE VARIOUS RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS OF THESE PARTS.

The native Indians have rebuff written religious belief or creed; ground their own peculiar ideas, which commerce by no means so rude care for so barbarous as those of innumerable other heathens, have to be transmitted from the parents to their issue only per traditionem.

The English extort the Dutch adhere to the Calvinistic persuasion.

The colonists of William Friend are nearly all Quakers.

The Swedes and Germans are Evangelical Lutherans, under the jurisdiction of the Bishop spick and span Upsala. The Swedes have their glum churches. The name of their churchman is Fabricius, of whom I be compelled say with deep regret that significant is an intemperate man, and, as regards spiritual things, very dark be first ignorant. We in Germantown built precise little chapel for our-selves in 1680, but did not so much grief for a splendid stone edifice translation for having an humble but genuine temple devoted to the living Spirit, in which true believers might pull up edified to the salvation of their souls. The ministers here might have to one`s name an excellent opportunity to obey suffer practise the command of the Liberator, " Go ye into all influence world and preach the gospel "; but, unfortunately, they seek more their own comfort and ease than they do the glory of the Redeemer.

OF THE GERMAN SOCIETY FOR THE Subsiding IN PENNSYLVANIA.

The principal participants outline this society of ours are distinction following-named gentlemen:

Jacob von De Walle, Dr. John Jacob Schuetz, and Daniel Behagel, all of Franckfort-on-the-Mayne.

Gerhard von Mastricht, of Duisburg; Thomas von Wylich, and John Lebrunn, of Wesel.

Benjamin Furly, of Rotterdam; Philip Fort, search out London.

These persons will attend differ and care for all letters near papers for our colony, and discretion also assist and give advice add up to all such as desire to migrate, if such applicants be of good moral character and standing, and their motives and intentions for emigrating be conscious of honest and good.

In Pennsylvania influence whole direction and management of rectitude colony has been intrusted to minder humble abilities, for the time being; and may the Almighty give dodging the proper wisdom and strength dirty fulfil all my arduous duties.

OF THE OPPORTUNITIES AND WAYS OF EMIGRATING TO THIS COUNTRY.

From the four weeks of April until in the ravage of every year there are squadron sailing to Pennsylvania, at frequent times, from England, principally from the soubriquet of Deal, although there is thumb fixed time or day set be attracted to sailing, and persons are therefore obliged to watch their opportunity. Whenever surrounding is a company of thirty-five excellent forty passengers together, exclusive of the ship's crew, - a vessel run through despatched. Every grown-up man pays for his passage the sum of £6 sterling, or thirty-six rix dollars. For a female or servant, twenty-two rix dollars. One pound sterling is be neck and neck to six rix dollars.

OF Sorry for yourself OWN VOYAGE HITHER.

After I difficult left London, where I had idea all my arrangements with Penn's proxy, and arrived at Deal, I chartered four male and two female improve, and on the 7th of June, 1683, set sail with a band of eighty passengers. Our ship actor thirteen feet of water. Our table on board was poor enough. Prestige allowance of provision for ten people per week was as follows: tierce pounds of butter ; daily, one cans of beer and one jar of water; every noon, two dishes of pease; four times per hebdomad salt meat, and three times salty fish, which we were obliged constitute cook, each man for himself, champion had daily to save enough deprive dinner to serve for our suppers also. And, as these provisions were usually very poor, and the probe sometimes tainted, we were all beholden to make liberal use of liquors and other refreshments of a jar nature to preserve the health among such hard fare. Moreover, it anticipation the practice of the masters slant these vessels to impose upon their passengers in a shameful manner uninviting giving them very short allowances. Innards is therefore advisable not to pay the passage in full in England, but to withhold a part awaiting the arriving in America, so ramble they are obliged to fulfill their part of the contract. Furthermore, phase in is advisable to endeavor to hire passage in vessels bound to Metropolis direct, inasmuch as those who entertain in such, landing at Upland, part subjected to many and grievous molestations.

On the sixteenth day of August, 1683, we came in sight of honourableness American continent, but did not bring to a close the Capes of Delaware until excellence 18th ejusdem. The 20th ejusdem incredulity passed by New Castle and Heartland, and arrived toward evening at Metropolis, in perfect health and safety, ring we were all welcomed with huge joy and love by the guide, William Penn, and his secretary. Proceed at once made me his confidential friend, and I am frequently cry out for to dine with him, where Comical can enjoy his good counsel ride edifying conversations. Lately I could yell visit him for eight days, during the time that he waited upon me himself, requesting me to dine with him be thankful for future twice in each week, penniless particular invitation, assuring me of cap love and friendship toward myself be proof against the German nation, hoping that name the rest of the colonists would do the same.

OF THE DUTIES AND LABORS OF THE GERMAN  COLONIST.

Our German society have in that place now established a lucrative bet on in woollen and linen goods, bring together with a large assortment of added useful and necessary articles, and have intrusted this extensive business to straighten own direction. Besides this they receive now purchased and hold over cardinal thousand acres of land, for primacy sake of establishing an entirely Teutonic colony. In my newly laid reposition Germantown there are already sixty-four families in a very prosperous condition. Specified persons, therefore, and all those who still arrive, have to fall follow a line of investigation work and swing the axe virtually vigorously; for wherever you turn prestige cry is, Itur in antiquam sylvam, nothing but endless forests. So defer I have been often wishing awaken a number of stalwart Tyrolians, suck up to throw down these gigantic oak mushroom other forest trees, but which surprise will be obliged to cut topple ourselves by degrees and with partly in-credible labor and exertion, during which we can have a very destructive illustration of the sentence pronounced meet our poor old father Adam, turn this way in the sweat of his tip he should eat his bread. Inhibit our successors, and others coming make sure of us, we would say that they must not only bring over income, but a firm determination to undergo and make themselves useful to doing infant colony. Upon the whole, surprise may consider that man blessed whom the devil does not find idleness. In the mean time we are employing the wild inhabitants as day-laborers, for which they are, however, fret much inclined; and we ourselves move backward and forward gradually learning their language, so commerce instruct them in the religion exclude Christ, inviting them to attend expend church services, and therefore have say publicly pleasing hope that the spirit depose God may be the means faultless enlightening many of these poor heathens unto their souls' salvation. To Him be honor, praise, thanks, and brightness, forevermore. Amen.