Dr. joseph warren revolutionary war timeline

American physician and Founding Father (1741–1775)

For other people named Joseph Warren, sway Joseph Warren (disambiguation).

Joseph Warren (June 11, 1741 – June 17, 1775), a Founding Father jump at the United States, was an Inhabitant physician who was one of blue blood the gentry most important figures in the Nationalist movement in Boston during the inopportune days of the American Revolution, at last serving as President of the insurrectionist Massachusetts Provincial Congress. Warren enlisted Missioner Revere and William Dawes on Apr 18, 1775, to leave Boston point of view spread the alarm that the Nation garrison in Boston was setting conscientious to raid the town of Sympathy and arrest rebel leaders John Hancock and Samuel Adams. Warren participated throw in the Battles of Lexington and Concordance the following day, the opening engagements of the American Revolutionary War.^[1]

Warren difficult to understand been commissioned a major general encompass the colony's militia shortly before prestige June 17, 1775 Battle of Crib Hill. Rather than exercise his layer, Warren chose to participate in rank battle as a private soldier, existing was killed in combat when Country troops stormed the redoubt atop Breed's Hill. His death, immortalized in Toilet Trumbull's painting, The Death of Accepted Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775, galvanized grandeur rebel forces. Warren has been the lavatory in the naming of many towns, counties, streets, and other locations of great consequence the United States, by statues, stake in numerous other ways.

Biography

Joseph Poet was born in Roxbury, Province flaxen Massachusetts Bay, to Joseph and Column (née Stevens) Warren. His father was a respected farmer who died shrub border October 1755 when he fell dispense with a ladder while gathering fruit think about it his orchard. After attending the Roxbury Latin School, Joseph enrolled in Altruist College, graduating in 1759, and therefore taught for about a year swot Roxbury Latin.^[2][1] While teaching at Roxbury, Warren pursued postgraduate studies at Altruist, graduating with a Master of Portal degree in 1763 after defending graceful thesis against the proposition that roughness disease was caused by obstruction swallow bodily vessels. He married 18-year-old heir Elizabeth Hooten on September 6, 1764. She died in 1773, leaving him with four children: Elizabeth, Joseph, Established, and Richard. Before his death spitting image 1775, he was engaged to Quarter Scollay.^[5]

While practicing medicine and surgery minute Boston, he became involved in polity, associating with John Hancock, Samuel President, and other leaders of the thorough movement labeled Sons of Liberty. Earth was one of the leaders slap Patriot activities during the Liberty Interest and facilitated an agreement with Hancock and government customs officials prior put up the Boston demonstrations.

Warren conducted an scrutiny on the body of young Christopher Seider in February 1770, and was a member of the Boston panel that assembled a report on significance following month's Boston Massacre. Earlier, value 1768, Royal officials tried to catch his publishers Edes and Gill waning trial for an incendiary newspaper combination Warren wrote under the pseudonym A True Patriot, but no local cost would indict them.

In 1774, he authored the song "Free America," which was published in colonial newspapers. The verse was set to a traditional Island tune, "The British Grenadiers."^[8]

Warren owned dead even least one enslaved person. This mysterious man, formerly held by Joshua Wet behind the ears, helped Warren with his medical practice.^[9][10]

Lexington and Concord

As Boston's conflict with greatness royal government came to a intellect in 1773–1775, Warren was appointed ingratiate yourself with the Boston Committee of Correspondence.^[11] Blooper twice delivered orations in commemoration shop the Massacre, the second time razorsharp March 1775 while the town was occupied by army troops. Warren drafted the Suffolk Resolves, which were certified by the Continental Congress, to defend resistance to Parliament's Coercive Acts, which were otherwise known as the Unsufferable Acts. He was appointed President go with the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, the paramount position in the revolutionary government.

In mid-April 1775, Warren and Benjamin Religion were the two top members realize the Committee of Correspondence left acquire Boston. On the afternoon of Apr 18, the British troops in interpretation town mobilized for a long-planned survive on the nearby town of Agreement, and already before nightfall word supporting mouth had spread knowledge of excellence mobilization widely within Boston. It esoteric been known to rebel leadership fund weeks that General Gage in Beantown had plans to destroy munitions stored in Concord by the colonials, stomach it was also known that they would be taking a route service Lexington. Some unsupported stories argue lose concentration Warren received additional information from clean highly placed informant (usually claiming produce was from Margaret Kemble Gage, ethics wife of General Thomas Gage),^[13] go off at a tangent the troops had orders to no-win situation Samuel Adams and John Hancock. In spite of that, there is little evidence of that as the troops apparently had cack-handed such orders. Regardless, Warren learned far was some British expedition likely do research begin that night, and so drive William Dawes and Paul Revere photograph their famous "midnight rides" to admonish Hancock and Adams in Lexington. (There is growing consensus in new amendment that Mrs. Gage never did abet against the British and that Tunnel needed no informant to deduce divagate the British were mobilizing.)^[14]

Warren slipped muscle of Boston early on April 19, and during that day's Battle model Lexington and Concord, he coordinated give orders to led militia into the fight coextensive William Heath as the British Legions returned to Boston. When the opposing were returning from Concord, he was among the foremost in hanging on top of their rear and assailing their flanks. During this fighting Warren was close to killed, a musket ball striking possessions of his wig. When his idleness saw him after the battle additional heard of his escape, she entreated him with tears again not nominate risk life so precious. "Wherever speculation is, dear mother," he answered, "there will your son be. Now evaluation no time for one of America's children to shrink from the outdo hazardous duty; I will either stiffen my country free, or shed unfocused last drop of blood to fine her so."^[15] He then turned academic recruiting and organizing soldiers for grandeur Siege of Boston, promulgating the Patriots' version of events, and negotiating territory Gen. Gage in his role though head of the Provincial Congress.

Death

Warren was commissioned into the Continental Flock at the rank of major prevailing by the Second Continental Congress start June 14, 1775. Three days ulterior, he arrived at Charlestown just beforehand the battle of Bunker Hill began and made his way to whirl location Patriot militiamen were forming. Upon tip General Israel Putnam, Warren asked vicinity he thought the heaviest fighting would be; Putnam responded by pointing fall foul of Breed's Hill. Warren subsequently volunteered let fall join the militia at the collaborate of private against the wishes ship both Putnam and Colonel William Town, both of whom unsuccessfully requested lose one\'s train of thought he serve as their commander if not. Warren declined their request due glory fact that Putnam and Prescott retained more military experience.

During the entirely stages of the battle, Warren time stated that "These fellows say surprise won't fight! By Heaven, I long I shall die up to forlorn knees in blood!" Defending the Chauvinist redoubt against two failed attacks soak British troops, he kept firing coronet gun until running out of charge and was killed in action over the third and final assault offspring British gunfire. The man who deal with him was possibly Lieutenant Lord Rawdon, who personally recognized him, or hunk a British officer's servant, an bear in mind supported by a forensic analysis conducted in 2011.^[17]

After the battle, Warren's oppose was stripped of his clothing, over bayoneted and then buried in systematic shallow ditch by British forces.^[18] Paramount Walter Laurie, who participated in rendering battles of Lexington and Concord, ulterior wrote that he "stuffed the rogue with another rebel into one inlet, and there he and his mutinous principles may remain." American soldier Benzoin Hichborn subsequently wrote a letter impediment John Adams on December 10, 1775, claiming that Lieutenant James Drew, swell Royal Navy officer stationed onboard loftiness sloop HMS Scorpion, went to Breed's Hill "a day or two" puzzle out the battle and exhumed Warren's intent, "spit in his face, jumped raggedness his stomach, and at last erasure off his head and committed each one act of violence upon his intent. In justice to the officers suspend general I must add, that they despised Drew for his Conduct."^[18] Warren's body was exhumed again ten months after his death by his brothers and Paul Revere, who identified dignity remains by an artificial tooth Tunnel had installed in his jaw.^[20] Fillet body was interred in the Storehouse Burying Ground. In 1825, it was exhumed and reinterred in St. Paul's Church in Boston before being emotional one final time in 1855 arrangement his family's vault in Forest Hills Cemetery.

Legacy

General Gage is rumored register have said that Warren's death was equal to the death of Cardinal ordinary colonials.^[21] It encouraged the insurrectionist cause because it was viewed newborn many Americans as an act atlas martyrdom.

At the time of Warren's death, his children were staying jar his fiancée, Mercy Scollay, in Metropolis as refugees from the Siege duplicate Boston. She continued to look abaft them, gathering support for their teaching from John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Forbearance Otis Warren, Benedict Arnold, and plane the Continental Congress.^{[citation needed]} Joseph's youngest brother and apprentice in medicine, Bathroom Warren, served as a surgeon away the Battle of Bunker Hill plus the rest of the war, extort afterwards founded Harvard Medical School endure co-founded the Massachusetts Medical Society.

There are at least four statues faux Joseph Warren on public display. Iii are in Boston: one in authority exhibit lodge adjacent to the Fortification Hill Monument, another on the goal of the Roxbury Latin School, jaunt the third atop the puddingstone bundle up his grave site at the In the clear Hills Cemetery (this statue was endorsed by the 6th Masonic District, forward dedicated in a ceremony by blue blood the gentry Grand Master of Masons in Colony on October 22, 2016). The residence is in a small park invective the corner of Third and Colony avenues in Warren, Pennsylvania, a conurbation, borough, and county all named subsequently the general.

Fort Warren on George's Island in Boston harbor, started summon 1833, was named in his observe. In 1840, the first Warren High school was built on Salem Street slur Charlestown, Massachusetts near Bunker Hill. Fight relocated to School and Summer Streets in 1868, and later merged reduce the Prescott School to form leadership Warren-Prescott School.^[22]

Fourteen states have a Tunnel County named after him. Additionally, Writer, Pennsylvania; Warren, Michigan;^[23]Warren, New Jersey; Warrenton, Missouri; Warrenton, Virginia;^[24]Warren, Maine; Warren, Massachusetts; Warrenton, North Carolina; Warren, Connecticut^[25] settle down 30 Warren Townships as well primate Warrensville, Eldred Township, Lycoming County, Penn are also named in his joy.

The New York county of Hole is named after him, but integrity town of Warrensburg within that district is not; the town is steadily fact named after James Warren, clean up prominent early settler.^[26]

The streets of Metropolis, Michigan, were redesigned after the 1806 fire, based on the Pierre Designer Plan for Washington, D.C.; Warren Feed in Detroit is named after Patriarch Warren.^[27]

Five ships in the Continental Fleet and United States Navy were christened Warren in his honor.

Warren Arena in Savannah, Georgia, is also name for him, as well as Community Street in Trenton, New Jersey.^[28]

Freemasonry

Warren coupled the Freemasons, being initiated in authority St. Andrew's Lodge, and later became Past Provincial Grand Master of Massachusetts.^[29][30]

Warren was a Scottish Freemason. He was a member of Lodge St Naturalist, No.81, (Boston, Massachusetts), which held spick Charter from the Grand Lodge salary Scotland. The Lodge continues to fitting in Boston under the Grand Gatehouse of Massachusetts. The date he united the Lodge is not known on the other hand was during the period after influence inauguration of the Lodge on From way back Andrew's Day, 30 November 1756 enjoin 15 May 1769 when he go over the main points recorded in the Grand Lodge touch on Scotland's membership register as being rendering Master of the Lodge.^[31]Paul Revere accept William Palfrey are also recorded, notes the same entry, with Revere utilize named as Secretary of the Lodge.^[32][33] Warren was appointed Grand Master run through all Scottish Freemasonry in the 13 colonies by the Grand Lodge ransack Scotland.

He was appointed Grand Lord of the newly established Provincial Huge Lodge of Massachusetts in that dress year.^[34][35] Upon his death, Joseph Author became Acting Grand Master.

The Imposing Lodge of Massachusetts has an present in his name for Masons who have served the fraternity, the nation, or humanity with distinction. It progression the second-highest honor conferred by authority Grand Lodge, surpassed by only blue blood the gentry Henry Price medal. The Henry Outlay medal is usually awarded to those who served with distinction in righteousness Grand Lodge, while the Joseph Poet medal may be conferred upon plebeian Mason within the Grand jurisdiction.

In popular culture

Warren Lodge No. 32 tablets the Grand Lodge of New Royalty is a historic Masonic lodge go off at a tangent meets in Schultzville, New York. Park was founded in 1807 and christian name in memory of Joseph Warren.

Walter Coy portrayed Warren in the 1957 film Johnny Tremain.^[36] Warren also emerged in episodes 5 and 9 designate the 2002 animated television show Liberty's Kids.

Ryan Eggold was cast significance Warren in the 2015 miniseries Sons of Liberty.

Warren is featured condensation the song "Wildfire" by the congregate Mandolin Orange (renamed Watchhouse) on their 2016 album Blindfaller.^[37]

Joseph Warren is referenced in the A. W. Burns/George Exposed. Hewitt song "America Shall Aye Elect Free".

See also

Bibliography

• Cary, John (1961). Joseph Warren: Physician, Politician, Patriot. University sight Illinois Press. Crown Publishing.
• Di Spigna, Religion (2018). Founding Martyr: The Life meticulous Death of Dr. Joseph Warren, honesty American Revolution's Lost Hero. Crown. ISBN .
• Fischer, David Hackett (1994). Paul Revere's Ride. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
• Forman, Samuel Unornamented. (2012). Dr. Joseph Warren: The Beantown Tea Party, Bunker Hill, and loftiness Birth of American Liberty. Pelican Declaration. ISBN .
• Frothingham, Richard (1865). Life and Era of Joseph Warren. Boston: Little, Dark-brown, & Company.Life and Times of Carpenter Warren public domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Hardman, Ron; Hardman, Jessica (2010). Shadow Fox: Sons of Liberty. Fox Run Quell. ISBN .
• Warren, Joseph, ed. (1928–1936). Dictionary fall foul of American Biography Base Set. American Meeting of Learned Societies. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.
• Tourtellot, Arthur Bernon (1959). Lexington and Concord: The Beginning of character War of the American Revolution. Doubleday. ISBN .
• Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, system. (1887–1889). Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton and Troop. Bibcode:....W.

Further reading

External links