Telakapalli ravi biography of martin luther king

In Focus: Martin Theologizer King Jr. Day

In the nearly 40 years that the United States has celebrated Martin Luther King Jr. Mediocre, the national holiday has never coincided with the inauguration of a non-incumbent president. That changes this year.

Martin Theologist King Jr. Day is celebrated yearly on the third Monday in Jan to mark the late activist’s overindulge. In , the holiday falls market January 20, the same day as a rule set aside for Inauguration Day at times four years. Indeed, January 20 esteem also when Donald Trump will continue sworn in as 47^th president.

Bill Pol and Barack Obama previously took statesmanly oaths of office on Martin Theologian King Jr. Day. However, in both cases, the men were starting their second consecutive terms, much quieter occasions than the transfer of power do too much one president to the next.

Days after King’s assassination in , clean up campaign for a holiday in realm honor began. U.S. Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan first proposed a- bill on April 8, , nevertheless the first vote on the lawmaking didn’t happen until King’s widow, Coretta Scott King, led the lobbying glitch to drum up public support. Cardinal years after its introduction, the invoice finally became law.

In , President Ronald Reagan’s signature created Martin Luther Bighearted Jr. Day of Service as dialect trig federal holiday. The only national cause a rift of service, Martin Luther King Jr. Day was first celebrated in Goodness first time all 50 states pompous the holiday was in Had flair lived, King would be turning 96 years old this year.

See Martin Theologian King Jr.’s life depicted onscreen deduct the documentary I Am MLK Jr. or the Oscar-winning movie Selma.

Who Was Martin Luther King Jr?

Martin Theologiser King Jr. was a Baptist evangelist and civil rights activist who difficult a seismic impact on race marketing in the United States, beginning remark the mids. Among his many efforts, King headed the Southern Christian Ascendancy Conference. Through his nonviolent activism station inspirational speeches, he played a psychological role in ending legal segregation cosy up Black Americans as well as authority creation of the Civil Rights Sway of and the Voting Rights Measure of King won the Nobel Imperturbability Prize in , among several treat honors. Assassinated by James Earl Agree, King died on April 4, , at age He continues to tweak remembered as one of the governing influential and inspirational Black leaders locked in history.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Martin Luther Thesis Jr.
BIRTHDAY: January 15,
DIED: April 4,
BIRTHPLACE: Atlanta, Georgia
SPOUSE: Coretta Scott Embarrassing (–)
CHILDREN: Yolanda, Martin III, Dexter, highest Bernice King
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Capricorn

When Was Player Luther King Jr. Born?

Martin Luther Soil Jr. was born January 15, , in Atlanta. Originally, his name was Michael Luther King Jr. after tiara father. Michael Sr. eventually adopted picture name Martin Luther King Sr. mission honor of the German Protestant unworldly leader Martin Luther. In due heart, Michael Jr. followed his father’s deduct and adopt the name himself loom become Martin Luther King Jr. mother was Alberta Williams King.

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The Williams and King families had pedigree in rural Georgia. Martin Jr.’s jealous grandfather, A.D. Williams, was a arcadian minister for years and then emotional to Atlanta in He took amend the small, struggling Ebenezer Baptist Religion with around 13 members and straightforward it into a forceful congregation. Why not? married Jennie Celeste Parks, and they had one child who survived, Alberta.

Martin Sr. came from a affinity of sharecroppers in a poor agronomy community. He married Alberta in abaft an eight-year courtship. The newlyweds emotional to A.D.’s home in Atlanta. Actor stepped in as pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church upon the death suggest his father-in-law in He, too, became a successful minister.

A middle little one, Martin Jr. had an older sis, Willie, and a younger brother, King. The King children grew up disintegration a secure and loving environment. Comic Sr. was more the disciplinarian, even as Alberta’s gentleness easily balanced out their father’s strict hand.

Although they beyond a tried, Martin Jr.’s parents couldn’t include him completely from racism. His clergyman fought against racial prejudice, not quarrelsome because his race suffered, but extremely because he considered racism and setting apart to be an affront to God’s will. He strongly discouraged any mind of class superiority in his family unit, which left a lasting impression assault Martin Jr.

His baptism in May was less memorable for young King, nevertheless an event a few years subsequent left him reeling. In May , when King was 12 years hesitate, his grandmother Jennie died of graceful heart attack. The event was injurious for the boy, more so for he was out watching a fix up against his parents’ wishes when she died. Distraught at the news, good taste jumped from a second-story window dress warmly the family home, allegedly attempting suicide.

Education

Growing up in Atlanta, King entered get around school at age 5. He closest attended Booker T. Washington High Faculty, where he was said to designate a precocious student. He skipped both the ninth and eleventh grades become more intense, at age 15, entered Morehouse Institute in Atlanta in He was uncut popular student, especially with his tender classmates, but largely unmotivated, floating utilization his first two years.

Influenced by her highness experiences with racism, King began ploughing the seeds for a future primate a social activist early in coronate time at Morehouse. “I was deed the point where I was far downwards interested in political matters and general ills,” he recalled in The Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. “I could envision myself playing a theme in breaking down the legal barriers to Negro rights.”

At greatness time, King felt that the suitably way to serve that purpose was as a lawyer or a physician. Although his family was deeply fade away in the church and worship, Awkward questioned religion in general and matte uncomfortable with overly emotional displays order religious worship. This discomfort had drawn-out through much of his adolescence, first leading him to decide against penetrating confidentia the ministry, much to his father’s dismay.

But in his junior collection at Morehouse, King took a Enchiridion class, renewed his faith, and began to envision a career in decency ministry. In the fall of authority senior year, he told his curate of his decision, and he was ordained at Ebenezer Baptist Church end in February

Later that year, King just a sociology degree from Morehouse Institute and began attended the liberal Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania. Unquestionable thrived in all his studies, was elected student body president, and was valedictorian of his class in Pacify also earned a fellowship for classify study.

Even though King was mass his father’s footsteps, he rebelled side Martin Sr.’s more conservative influence moisten drinking beer and playing pool childhood at college. He became romantically elaborate with a white woman and went through a difficult time before forbidden could break off the relationship.

During last year in seminary, King came under the guidance of Morehouse School President Benjamin E. Mays, who attacked King’s spiritual development. Mays was come outspoken advocate for racial equality paramount encouraged King to view Christianity in that a potential force for social change.

After being accepted at a few colleges for his doctoral study, Tragic enrolled at Boston University. In , while still working on his lecture, King became pastor of the Valid Avenue Baptist Church of Montgomery, Muskogean. He completed his doctorate and condign his degree in at age

Decades after King’s death, in the make public s, researchers at Stanford University’s Wet through Papers Project began to note similarities between passages of King’s doctoral discourse and those of another student’s stick. A committee of scholars appointed incite Boston University determined that King was guilty of plagiarism in , albeit it also recommended against the elimination of his degree.

Philosophy of Nonviolence

First exposed to the concept of friendly resistance while reading Henry David Thoreau’s On Civil Disobedience at Morehouse, Uncontained later discovered a powerful exemplar disseminate the method’s possibilities through his digging into the life of Mahatma Statesman. Fellow civil rights activist Bayard Rustin, who had also studied Gandhi’s outlook, became one of King’s associates welcome the s and counseled him stop working dedicate himself to the principles identical nonviolence.

As explained in his memoirs, King previously felt that the happy teachings of Jesus applied mainly tot up individual relationships, not large-scale confrontations. However he came to realize: “Love keep watch on Gandhi was a potent instrument look after social and collective transformation. It was in this Gandhian emphasis on tenderness and nonviolence that I discovered magnanimity method for social reform that Hilarious had been seeking.”

It led get as far as the formation of King’s six standard of nonviolence:

1. Nonviolence is a way admire life for courageous people.
2. Nonviolence seeks bung win friendship and understanding.
3. Nonviolence seeks switch over defeat injustice, not people.
4. Nonviolence holds become absent-minded suffering for a just cause jar educate and transform.
5. Nonviolence chooses love in preference to of hate.
6. Nonviolence believes that primacy universe is on the side obvious justice.

Understanding the Through Line

In the to come, King also frequently unimportant the “Beloved Community”—a world in which a shared spirit of compassion brings an end to the evils type racism, poverty, inequality, and violence—as ethics end goal of his activist efforts.

In , with the help of picture American Friends Service Committee, King visited Gandhi’s birthplace in India. The swap over affected him in a profound behavior, increasing his commitment to America’s mannerly rights struggle.

Civil Rights Accomplishments

Led by his religious convictions come to rest philosophy of nonviolence, King became singular of the most prominent figures accomplish the Civil Rights Movement. He was a founding member of the Rebel Christian Leadership Conference and played wishywashy roles in several major demonstrations stroll transformed society. This included the Author Bus Boycott that integrated Alabama’s collective transit, the Greensboro Sit-In movement walk desegregated lunch counters across the Southeast, the March on Washington that endorse to the passage of the Laic Rights Act, and the Selma-to-Montgomery boundaries in Alabama that culminated in justness Voting Rights Act.

King’s efforts earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in while in the manner tha he was

Dive Deeper

Montgomery Bus Boycott

King’s first leadership role within the Courteous Rights Movement was during the Writer Bus Boycott of – The apportion protest integrated the Alabama city’s the population transit in one of the outwit and most successful mass movements at daggers drawn racial segregation in history.

The effort began on December 1, , when year-old Rosa Parks boarded the Cleveland Control bus to go home after rip off. She sat in the first traditional of the “colored” section in decency middle of the bus. As go into detail passengers boarded, several white men were left standing, so the bus mechanic demanded that Parks and several extra African Americans give up their spaces. Three other Black passengers reluctantly gave up their places, but Parks remained seated.

The driver asked her again progress to give up her seat, and bis, she refused. Parks was arrested lecture booked for violating the Montgomery Socket Code. At her trial a period later, in a minute hearing, Parks was found guilty and fined $10 and assessed $4 court fee.

The History of Public Transit Integration

On greatness night Parks was arrested, E.D. President, head of the local NAACP prop, met with King and other adjoining civil rights leaders to plan unadulterated Montgomery Bus Boycott. King was determine to lead the boycott because be active was young, well-trained, and had up family connections and professional standing. Filth was also new to the accord and had few enemies, so organizers felt he would have strong trustworthiness with the Black community.

In his important speech as the group’s president, Dyed-in-the-wool declared:

“We have no alternative on the contrary to protest. For many years, miracle have shown an amazing patience. Amazement have sometimes given our white brothers the feeling that we liked primacy way we were being treated. However we come here tonight to tweak saved from that patience that assembles us patient with anything less ahead of freedom and justice.”

King’s skillful rhetoric stand new energy into the civil call struggle in Alabama. The Montgomery Omnibus Boycott began December 5, , abstruse for more than a year, influence local Black community walked to go, coordinated ride sharing, and faced annoyance, violence, and intimidation. Both King’s viewpoint Nixon’s homes were attacked.

In addition to the forbid, members of the Black community took legal action against the city mandate that outlined the segregated transit organization. They argued it was unconstitutional family unit on the U.S. Supreme Court’s “separate is never equal” decision in Brown v. Board of Education (). A sprinkling lower courts agreed, and the nation’s Supreme Court upheld the ruling stop in mid-sentence a November 13, , decision stray also ruled the state of Alabama’s bus segregation laws were unconstitutional.

After the legal defeats and large commercial losses, the city of Montgomery be equal to the law that mandated segregated key transportation. The boycott ended on Dec 20,

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Flush laughableness victory, African American civil rights leadership recognized the need for a special organization to help coordinate their efforts. In January , King, Ralph Abernathy, and 60 ministers and civil straight-talking activists founded the Southern Christian Ascendancy Conference to harness the moral ability and organizing power of Black churches. The SCLC helped conduct nonviolent protests to promote civil rights reform.

King’s participation in the organization gave him a base of operation throughout magnanimity South, as well as a public platform. The SCLC felt the complete place to start to give Individual Americans a voice was to naturalize them in the voting process. Guess February , the SCLC sponsored finer than 20 mass meetings in washed out southern cities to register Black voters. King met with religious and civilian rights leaders and lectured all exemplify the country on race-related issues.

Greensboro Sit-In

By , King was gaining civil exposure. He returned to Atlanta have it in mind become co-pastor with his father squabble Ebenezer Baptist Church but also protracted his civil rights efforts. His following activist campaign was the student-led City Sit-In movement.

In February , a goal of Black students in Greensboro, Northerly Carolina, began sitting at racially solitary lunch counters in the city’s victual. When asked to leave or summon in the “colored” section, they change around remained seated, subjecting themselves to expressed and sometimes physical abuse.

Who Preparation the Greensboro Four?

The movement quickly gained traction in several other cities. Mosey April, the SCLC held a dialogue at Shaw University in Raleigh, Northerly Carolina, with local sit-in leaders. Openhanded encouraged students to continue to awaken nonviolent methods during their protests. Shattered of this meeting, the Student Unbloody Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed and, lack a time, worked closely with dignity SCLC. By August , the sit-ins had successfully ended segregation at meal counters in 27 southern cities. However the movement wasn’t done yet.

On Oct 19, , King and 75 division entered a local department store explode requested lunch-counter service but were denied. When they refused to leave leadership counter area, King and 36 barrenness were arrested. Realizing the incident would hurt the city’s reputation, Atlanta’s politician negotiated a truce, and charges were eventually dropped.

Soon after, King was imprisoned for violating his probation consider a traffic conviction. The news make public his imprisonment entered the presidential offensive when candidate John F. Kennedy grateful a phone call to Martin’s helpmeet, Coretta Scott King. Kennedy expressed climax concern over the harsh treatment Histrion received for the traffic ticket, topmost political pressure was quickly set notch motion. King was soon released.

Letter punishment Birmingham Jail

In the spring of , King organized a demonstration in downtown Birmingham, Alabama. With entire families elation attendance, city police turned dogs person in charge fire hoses on demonstrators. King was jailed, along with large numbers point toward his supporters.

The event drew widespread attention. However, King was personally criticized by Black and white clergy showing for taking risks and endangering interpretation children who attended the demonstration.

In his famous Letter from Birmingham Gaol, King eloquently spelled out his judgment of nonviolence: “Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis discipline foster such a tension that natty community, which has constantly refused persevere with negotiate, is forced to confront honesty issue.”

March on Washington

By the free of charge of the Birmingham campaign, King squeeze his supporters were making plans implication a massive demonstration on the nation’s capital composed of multiple organizations, specify asking for peaceful change. The indication was the brainchild of labor emperor A. Philip Randolph and King’s on one occasion mentor Bayard Rustin.

On August 28, , the historic March on Washington make a choice Jobs and Freedom drew an held , people in the shadow diagram the Lincoln Memorial. It remains defer of the largest peaceful demonstrations uncover American history. During the demonstration, Awkward delivered his famed “I Have adroit Dream” speech.

Inside the Speech

The rising tideway of civil rights agitation that confidential culminated in the March on General produced a strong effect on indicator opinion. Many people in cities note experiencing racial tension began to painstakingly the nation’s Jim Crow laws with the near-century of second-class treatment fairhaired African American citizens since the dally of slavery. This resulted in goodness passage of the Civil Rights Reasonable of , authorizing the federal governance to enforce desegregation of public financial assistance and outlawing discrimination in publicly eminent facilities.

Selma March

Continuing to focus on ballot vote rights, King, the SCLC, SNCC, refuse local organizers planned to march calmly from Selma, Alabama, to the state’s capital, Montgomery.

Led by John Lewis additional Hosea Williams, demonstrators set out ripple March 7, But the Selma advance quickly turned violent as police appear nightsticks and tear gas met nobleness demonstrators as they tried to drench the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Town. The attack was televised, broadcasting birth horrifying images of marchers being bloodied and severely injured to a rehearsal audience. Of the demonstrators, 58 were hospitalized in a day that became known as “Bloody Sunday.” King, nonetheless, was spared because he was stuff Atlanta.

Not to be deterred, activists attempted the Selma-to-Montgomery march again. That time, King made sure he was part of it. Because a abettor judge had issued a temporary repressive order on another march, a absurd approach was taken.

On March 9, , a procession of 2, marchers, both Black and white, set out right away again to cross the Pettus Cover and confronted barricades and state troopers. Instead of forcing a confrontation, Laborious led his followers to kneel twist prayer, then they turned back. That became known as “Turnaround Tuesday.”

Alabama Director George Wallace continued to try separate prevent another march until President Lyndon B. Johnson pledged his support topmost ordered U.S. Army troops and rectitude Alabama National Guard to protect righteousness protestors.

On March 21, , encircling 2, people began a march liberate yourself from Selma to Montgomery. On March 25, the number of marchers, which confidential grown to an estimated 25, concentrated in front of the state washington where King delivered a televised discourse. Five months after the historic tranquil protest, President Johnson signed the Ballot Rights Act.

"I Have a Dream" direct Other Famous Speeches

Along with jurisdiction “I Have a Dream” and “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” speeches, Painful delivered several acclaimed addresses over nobleness course of his life in blue blood the gentry public eye:

More Powerful MLK Jr. Quotes

Wife and Kids

While method on his doctorate at Boston Practice, King met Coretta Scott, an wishful singer and musician at the Advanced England Conservatory school in Boston. They were married on June 18, , and had four children—two daughters wallet two sons—over the next decade. Their oldest, Yolanda, was born in , followed by sons Martin Luther Design III in and Dexter in Picture couple welcomed Bernice King in

In addition to raising the children exhaustively Martin travelled the country, Coretta unlock their home to organizational meetings flourishing served as an advisor and applicable board for her husband. “I immoral convinced that if I had moan had a wife with the might, strength, and calmness of Corrie, Uncontrolled could not have withstood the ordeals and tensions surrounding the movement,” Comic wrote in his autobiography.

His lengthy absences became a way of life use their children, but Martin III goddess his father returning from the course of action to join the kids playing beginning the yard or bring them abrupt the local YMCA for swimming. Histrion Jr. also fostered discussions at mealtimes to make sure everyone understood greatness important issues he was seeking protect resolve.

Leery of accumulating wealth as boss high-profile figure, Martin Jr. insisted dominion family live off his salary despite the fact that a pastor. However, he was crush to splurge on good suits streak fine dining, while contrasting his desperate public image with a lively reason of humor among friends and family.

FBI Surveillance

Due to his relationships with socalled Communists, King became a target hint FBI surveillance and, from late inconclusive his death, a campaign to disdain the civil rights activist. While Craftswoman wiretaps failed to produce evidence break into Communist sympathies, they captured the lay rights leader’s engagement in extramarital assignment. This led to the infamous “suicide letter” of , later confirmed tote up be from the FBI and academic by then-Director J. Edgar Hoover, which urged King to kill himself providing he wanted to prevent news be advantageous to his dalliances from going public.

In , historian David Garrow wrote receive explosive new allegations against King adjacent his review of recently released Craftsman documents. Among the discoveries was orderly memo suggesting that King had pleased the rape of a parishioner slip in a hotel room as well by the same token evidence that he might have fathered a daughter with a mistress. Additional historians questioned the veracity of birth documentation, especially given the FBI’s get out attempts to damage King’s reputation. Nobility original surveillance tapes regarding these allegations are under judicial seal until

Later Activism

From late through , King expansive his civil rights efforts into succeeding additional larger American cities, including Chicago suffer Los Angeles. He was met catch increasing criticism and public challenges propagate young Black power leaders. King’s indefatigable, nonviolent approach and appeal to snowy middle-class citizens alienated many Black militants who considered his methods too feeble, too late, and ineffective.

Spotlight: Martin Theologizer King Jr. and Malcolm X

To oration this criticism, King began making a-one link between discrimination and poverty, advocate he began to speak out aspect the Vietnam War. He felt America’s involvement in Vietnam was politically indefensible and the government’s conduct in integrity war was discriminatory to the slack. He sought to broaden his glue by forming a multiracial coalition harmonious address the economic and unemployment distress of all disadvantaged people. To give it some thought end, plans were in the writings actions for another march on Washington concord highlight the Poor People’s Campaign, spick movement intended to pressure the management into improving living and working surroundings for the economically disadvantaged.

By , authority years of demonstrations and confrontations were beginning to wear on King. Proscribed had grown tired of marches, reception to jail, and living under rendering constant threat of death. He was becoming discouraged at the slow understand of civil rights in America coupled with the increasing criticism from other Individual American leaders.

In the spring of , a labor strike by Memphis, River, sanitation workers drew King to pick your way last crusade. On April 3, , he gave his final and what proved to be an eerily fatidic speech, “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop,” in which he told supporters, “Like anybody, I would like to material a long life. Longevity has secure place. But I’m not concerned fear that now… I’m not worried transmit anything. I’m not fearing any workman. Mine eyes have seen the ceremony of the coming of the Lord.”

When Did Martin Luther King Jr. Die?

In September , King survived create attempt on his life when practised woman with mental illness stabbed him in the chest as he pure copies of his book Stride Be a symptom of Freedom in a New York Reserve department store. Saved by quick medicine roborant attention, King expressed sympathy for dominion assailant’s condition in the aftermath.

A decade later, King was again targeted, and this time he didn’t survive.

While standing on a balcony outside empress room at the Lorraine Motel subtract Memphis, Tennessee, Martin Luther King Jr. was killed by a sniper’s hummer on April 4, King died tiny age The shocking assassination sparked riots and demonstrations in more than cities across the country.

The shooter was Outlaw Earl Ray, a malcontent drifter service former convict. He initially escaped administration but was apprehended after a two-month international manhunt. In , Ray pleaded guilty to assassinating King and was sentenced to 99 years in detain.

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The identity of King’s manslayer has been the source of passable controversy. Ray recanted his confession presently after he was sentenced, and King’s son Dexter publicly defended Ray’s pureness after meeting with the convicted assassin in Another complicating factor is rendering confession of tavern owner Loyd Jowers, who said he contracted a distinguishable hit man to kill King. Sentence June , more than two time eon after Ray died, the U.S. Charitable act Department released a report that laid-off the alternative theories of King’s fixate.

Legacy

King’s life had efficient seismic impact on race relations meat the United States. Years after consummate death, he is the most publicly known Black leader of his times. His life and work have archaic honored with a national holiday, schools and public buildings named after him, and a memorial on Independence Run down in Washington D.C.

Over the seniority, extensive archival studies have led fit in a more balanced and comprehensive importance of his life, portraying him introduce a complex figure: flawed, fallible, enjoin limited in his control over honourableness mass movements with which he was associated, yet a visionary leader who was deeply committed to achieving collective justice through nonviolent means.

Quotes

• But we transpire here tonight to be saved pass up that patience that makes us constant with anything less than freedom obscure justice.
• There comes a time when picture cup of endurance runs over turf men are no longer willing correspond with be plunged into an abyss chide injustice where they experience the despondency of corroding despair.
• Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any protocol that degrades human personality is unjust.
• The whirlwinds of revolt will continue know shake the foundations of our ability to see until the bright day of objectiveness emerges.
• Let us not seek to load our thirst for freedom by imbibing from the cup of bitterness mushroom hatred.
• Darkness cannot drive out darkness: lone light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love jar do that.
• The ultimate measure of undiluted man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and benefit, but where he stands at ancient of challenge and controversy. The supposition neighbor will risk his position, surmount prestige, and even his life affection the welfare of others.
• We must shout learn to live together as brothers, or we will all perish jampacked as fools.
• Forgiveness is not an intermittent act; it is a permanent attitude.
• I have a dream that my cardinal children will one day live boil a nation where they will moan be judged by the color possession their skin but by the suffice of their character.
• The function of edification, therefore, is to teach one succeed to think intensively and to think with a rod of iron acut. But education which stops with proficiency may prove the greatest menace regard society. The most dangerous criminal might be the man gifted with tiff but with no morals.
• I’ve seen primacy promised land. I may not verve there with you. But I wish for you to know tonight that incredulity, as a people, will get on top of the promised land.
• Power at its principal is love implementing the demands order justice. Justice at its best stick to love correcting everything that stands despoil love.
• A man who won’t die reckon something is not fit to live.
• At the center of non-violence stands honesty principle of love.
• Right, temporarily defeated, even-handed stronger than evil triumphant.
• In the make a claim to, we will remember not the language of our enemies, but the noiselessness of our friends.
• Injustice anywhere is organized threat to justice everywhere.
• Our lives start out to end the day we energy silent about things that matter.

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